宇航学报

宇航学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 10-17.doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2017.01.002

• 飞行器设计与力学 • 上一篇    下一篇

内外流一体化航天器气动特性分析与减阻设计

靳旭红，黄飞，程晓丽，王强   

  1. 中国航天空气动力技术研究院，北京100074
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-06 修回日期:2016-08-31 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-25

Analysis of Aerodynamic Properties and Drag Reduction Design for Spacecraft with an Open Orifice

JIN Xu hong, HUANG Fei, CHENG Xiao li, WANG Qiang   

  1. China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing 100074, China
  • Received:2016-06-06 Revised:2016-08-31 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-25

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摘要：

针对超低地球轨道内外流一体化卫星和带孔空间碎片的气动特性分析与减阻设计问题，采用试验粒子Monte Carlo (TPMC) 方法对200km高度带头帽通孔圆柱体航天器外部绕流和内部流动并存问题进行模拟。结果表明：TPMC模拟结果与直接模拟Monte Carlo (DSMC) 结果相一致，验证了TPMC方法的可靠性，以及对内外流并存问题的适用性；对于本文所考虑的内外流一体化问题，TPMC方法的计算速度是DSMC的2000余倍，消耗内存也比后者少1~2个量级；小攻角范围内，通孔的存在使得压阻分量减小，摩阻分量增大，综合效果是使阻力减小；外部表面对内孔表面的遮挡作用以及内孔表面之间的多次反射效应使内孔表面受到比较明显的压力，多次反射作用在轴向中部区域最强。

关键词: 自由分子流, 内外流, 低地球轨道, 试验粒子Monte Carlo

Abstract:

This paper considers flows passing a cylindrical spacecraft, with a hat ahead it and an open orifice through it, at an altitude of 200km, using the test particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) method. The computational results of the axial and normal force coefficients from the TPMC method are in excellent agreement with those from the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), meaning that the TPMC method used here is valid and applicable to problems where external and internal flows exist simultaneously. Besides, the TPMC runs 2000 times faster than the DSMC, and the memory storage it needs is 1~2 orders of magnitude less than that of the latter. In a small range of angles of attack, the existence of the open orifice decreases the pressure drags and increases the friction drags, with an overall effect of reducing the total drags. Moreover, the shadowing of orifice from flows by external surfaces and multiple reflections within the inner surface of the orifice reduce an appreciable pressure on the inner surface of the orifice, and the effect of multiple reflections becomes the strongest in the middle part of the orifice in the axial direction.

Key words: Free molecular flow, Internal and external flow, Low Earth orbit, Test particle Monte Carlo

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